ABSTRACT
Research with police officers (POs) suggests an association between body composition, physical performance and health. The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between body composition and measures of physical fitness, and their use to predict estimated physical fitness score (EPFS). The sample included 163 male POs (age = 31.61 ± 4.79 years, height = 172.97 ± 6.09 cm, body mass = 77.53 ± 11.66 kg). Eight body composition variables: body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (BFMI), percent of body fat (PBF), percent skeletal muscle mass (PSMM), index of hypokinezia (IH), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), protein mass index (PMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI); and four physical fitness measures: a 3.2 km run, a 2-minute push-up, 2-minute sit-up and estimated physical fitness score (EPFS) were correlated, followed by the regression analysis for causal relationship between body composition and EPFS. Running 3.2 km test correlated to BMI, PBF, PSMM, BFMI, and SMMI (r = 0.274, 0.250, -0.234, 0.311, p<0.01, respectively); 2-minute push-up correlated to PBF, PSMM, BFMI, SMMI, PMI, IH, and FFMI (r = -0.413, 0.436, -0.375, 0.221, 0.231, -0.411, 0.261, p<0.01, respectively); 2-minute sit-up correlated to PBF, PSMM, BFMI, and IH (r = -0.237, 0.250, -0.236, -0.218, p<0.01, respectively); and EPFS correlated to BMI, FFMI, PBF, PSMM, BFMI, and IH (r = -0.200, 0.168, p<0.05, and r = -0.369, 0.378, 0.376, -0.317, p <0.01, respectively). Two models of predictions were extracted: 1) PBF, BFMI, PMI and FFMI (R2 = 0.250, p<0.001); 2) PBF, BFMI and PMI (R2 = 0.244, p<0.001). Obtained prediction models may be a promising screening method of a POs' fitness, when conducting the physical tests is not possible or safe (obese and injured POs or bad weather conditions).
En este trabajo realizado con oficiales de policía (OP) se sugiere una asociación entre la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico y la salud. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar las asociaciones entre la composición corporal y las medidas de aptitud física, y su uso para predecir el puntaje de aptitud física estimado (PAFE). La muestra incluyó 163 OP masculinos (edad = 31,61 ± 4,79 años, altura = 172,97 ± 6,09 cm, masa corporal = 77,53 ± 11,66 kg). Se analizaron ocho variables de composición corporal: índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice de masa corporal grasa (IMCG), porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC), porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética (PMME), índice de hipoquinezia (IH), índice de masa muscular esquelética (IMME), índice de masa proteica (IMP) e índice de masa libre de grasa (IMLG); y cuatro medidas de aptitud física: se correlacionaron una carrera de 3,2 km, una elevación de 2 minutos, una postura de 2 minutos y un puntaje de aptitud física estimada (PAFE), seguido del análisis de regresión para la relación causal entre la composición corporal y el PAFE. La prueba de ejecución de 3,2 km se correlacionó con el IMC, PGC, PMME, IMCG y IMME (r = 0,274, 0,250, -0,234, 0,311, p <0,01, respectivamente); Push-up de 2 minutos correlacionado con PGC, PMME, IMCG, IMME, PMI, IH y IMLG (r = -0,413, 0,436, -0,375, 0,221, 0,231, 0,411, 0,261, p <0,01, respectivamente); Sit-up de 2 minutos correlacionado con PGC, PMME, IMCG e IH (r = -0,237, 0,250, 0,236, -0,218, p <0,01, respectivamente); y EPFS correlacionado con IMC, IMLG, PGC , PMME, IGMC e IH (r = -0,200, 0,168, p <0,05, y r = -0,369, 0,378, 0,376, -0,317, p <0,01, respectivamente). Se extrajeron dos modelos de predicción: 1) PGC, IGMC, IMP y IMLG (R2 = 0,250, p <0,001); 2) PGC, IGMC y IMP (R2 = 0,244, p <0,00). Los modelos de predicción obtenidos pueden ser un método prometedor de detección de la condición física de los OP, cuando no es posible o seguro realizar las pruebas físicas (OP obesos y lesionados o condiciones climáticas adversas).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Anthropometry , Physical Fitness/physiology , Police , Body Composition , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o perfil sociodemográfico, de saúde, nutricional, físico e funcional de policiais rodoviários federais participantes do Programa Patrulha da Saúde e avaliar a associação dessas características com idade e tempo de serviço. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com policiais rodoviários federais de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, em setembro de 2015. Foram incluídos participantes do Programa Patrulha da Saúde que não estavam de férias ou licença. Aplicou-se questionário com informações sociodemográficas, nível de atividade física e sintomas osteomusculares. Foram aferidos dados antropométricos e nutricionais, pressão arterial e capacidades físicas e funcionais. As variáveis foram categorizadas por idade e tempo de serviço. Utilizaram-se os testes t independente e Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher para avaliar as associações. O nível de significância adotado foi p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: Dos 64 policiais da delegacia de Pelotas, 41 (64,1%), todos homens, foram incluídos no estudo. Houve percentuais superiores de casados, não fumantes, com pressão arterial normal e fisicamente ativos no lazer. Registraram-se as seguintes médias: índice de massa corporal 28,5±3,4 kg/m2 , circunferência da cintura 99,2±8,5 cm, gordura corporal 25,1±4,9%, flexibilidade 21,2±9,4 cm, força isométrica de preensão manual direita e esquerda respectivamente 47,4±6,2 kgf e 44,6±6,3 kgf e força isométrica de membros inferiores 127,1±20,8 kgf. O escore médio da avaliação funcional foi de 13,8±2,6 pontos (57% com ≤14 pontos). Os sintomas osteomusculares que mais se associaram a afastamento do trabalho foram localizados no joelho (22%) e lombar (14,6%). Policiais mais velhos exibiram piores valores para índice de massa corporal, circunferência de cintura e porcentagem de gordura corporal, e os mais antigos na corporação demonstraram maior circunferência de cintura. CONCLUSÕES: Os policiais rodoviários federais participantes do Programa Patrulha da Saúde em Pelotas, mesmo declarando estarem fisicamente ativos, apresentaram frequentemente condições morfológicas e físicas inadequadas, assim como níveis de força e flexibilidade inferiores aos recomendados para essa população. Nesta amostra, a idade mais avançada e maior tempo de serviço na Polícia Rodoviária Federal estiveram associados a parâmetros morfológicos de alto risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Observou-se, também, que os PRF possuíam alto risco de lesões musculoesqueléticas e afastavam-se do trabalho principalmente por queixas osteomusculares nas regiões lombar e dos joelhos.
AIMS: To evaluate the socio-demographic, health, nutritional, physical and functional profile of federal highway policemen participants of the Health Patrol Program and evaluate the association of these characteristics with age and time of service. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with federal highway police officers from the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in September 2015. Health Patrol Program's participants who were not on vacation or license were included. Questionnaires with sociodemographic information, level of physical activity and musculoskeletal symptoms were applied. Anthropometric and nutritional data, blood pressure and physical and functional capacities were measured. The variables were categorized by age and time of service. The independent t-test and chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the associations. The significance level adopted was p≤0.05. RESULTS: Of the 64 police officers from the Pelotas police station, 41 (64.1%) men met the inclusion criteria. There were higher percentages of married, non-smokers, with normal blood pressure and physically active in leisure (89.5%). The following means were recorded: body mass index 28.5±3.4 kg/m2 , waist circumference 99.2±8.5 cm, body fat 25.1±4.9%, flexibility 21.2±9.4 cm, isometric handgrip strength of right and left hand respectively 47.4±6.2 kgf and 44.6±6.3 kgf and isometric strength of lower limbs 127.1±20.8 kgf. The average score of the functional evaluation was 13.8±2.6 points (57% with ≤14 points). The musculoskeletal symptoms that were most associated with absence from work were located in knee (22%) and low back (14,6%). Older policemen exhibited higher values for body mass index, waist circumference and body fat percentage, and the oldest in the corporation showed greater waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Even when they stated being physically active, federal highway police officers participating in the Health Patrol Program in Pelotas had often inadequate morphological and physical conditions, as well levels of strength and flexibility lower than those recommended for this population. In this sample, the more advanced age and longer service time in the Federal Highway Police were associated with morphological parameters of high risk for cardiovascular diseases. It was also observed that federal highway policemen had a high risk of musculoskeletal injuries and were absence from work mainly due to musculoskeletal complaints in the low back and knee regions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Police , Health Promotion , Exercise , Physical FitnessABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between psychological distress and obesity among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. METHODS: Self-reported data on psychological distress based on six key questions were obtained from LEOs who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2010). We used Prochaska's cut-point of a Kessler 6 score > or = 5 for moderate/high mental distress in our analysis. Mean levels of body mass index (BMI) were compared across three levels of psychological distress. RESULTS: The average age of LEOs (n = 929) was 39.3 years; 25% were female. Overall, 8.1% of LEOs had moderate or high psychological distress; 37.5% were obese (BMI > or = 30). Mean BMI increased with increasing psychological distress (no distress, BMI = 27.2 kg/m2; mild distress, 27.6 kg/m2; and moderate/high distress, 33.1 kg/m2; p = 0.016) after adjustment for age, race, income, and education level among female officers only. Physical activity modified the association between psychological distress and BMI but only among male LEOs (interaction p = 0.002). Among male LEOs reporting low physical activity, psychological distress was positively associated with BMI (30.3 kg/m2 for no distress, 30.7 for mild distress, 31.8 for moderate/high distress; p = 0.179) after adjustment, but not significantly. This association was not significant among males reporting high physical activity. CONCLUSION: Mean BMI significantly increased as psychological distress increased among female LEOs. A longitudinal study design may reveal the directionality of this association as well as the potential role that physical activity might play in this association.